Diabetes education
Type 2 Diabetes
8 min read · General education
Overview
Type 2 diabetes is a condition where the body does not use insulin properly, causing blood sugar to become too high. It develops over time and is linked to weight, activity and family history. It is managed with lifestyle changes and, often, medicines.
Common symptoms
- Feeling very thirsty and passing urine often
- Feeling very tired
- Losing weight without trying
- Cuts or wounds that heal slowly
- Blurred vision
- Many people have no symptoms
Possible causes and risk factors
- Being overweight, especially around the waist
- Physical inactivity
- Family history
- South Asian heritage is associated with higher risk
- Older age
Prevention and healthy lifestyle
- Keep to a healthy weight
- Be active on most days
- Reduce sugary drinks, mithai and refined flour
- Get your blood sugar tested if you have risk factors
Nutrition and exercise considerations
- Fill half your plate with vegetables
- Prefer whole-wheat roti and controlled rice portions
- Choose fruit over sweets and juices
- Combine walking with simple strength exercises
When to consult a healthcare professional
- You have symptoms listed above
- You have risk factors and have never been tested
- You have diabetes and readings are often high or low
Emergency warning signs
- • Confusion, drowsiness, very fast breathing, or fruity-smelling breath — seek emergency care
- • Signs of very low sugar (shaking, sweating, confusion) that do not improve after eating sugar
In Pakistan, call Rescue 1122 or 115 (Edhi) in an emergency.